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Some of the earliest radio stations, though, defied this rule. WSUI in Iowa city, is west of the Mississippi river. KDKA in Pittsburgh (The first commercial radio station in the United States to begin broadcasting in November 1920) is on east. They were "grandfathers," allowed to keep these call letters...:-). The only radio station in the United States with call letters that spell out the name of its home city is WACO, Texas. Interesting: WGN is a TV station in Chicago. Also there is a WGN radio station here. Both belong to the media giant Warner Brothers. Do you know what WGN stands for? This again is for one more Warner Brothers' property - Chicago Tribune, the newspaper. WGN = World's Greatest Newspaper (that's what Chicago Tribune claimed itself when it was launched in 1847). Why is there no Channel 1 on television in US? Television, as you know, uses the same spectrum of FM (Frequency Modulation) wavelengths, but mostly the ones on higher end. Channel 1 occupies the 44-50 MHz VHF band. In fact, Television once had a Channel 1, but lost it in 1945. The F.C.C. decided TV was taking up too much of the broadcast spectrum and gave it (Channel 1) for people with land-mobile and two-way radio (walkie-talkie) system. So now we have Channel 2 to 13 on VHF and Channel 14 to 69 on UHF.
TV Viewership Ratings How do they measure the ratings that reveal on Tuesday morning what Americans watched on TV Sunday evening? Nielsen Television Index The A.C. Nielsen Company’s Nielsen Television Index (NTI) is one of the most important and powerful rating services in US, as the entire commercial television industry relies upon the ratings to determine both its programming and its advertising rates. Nielsen, founded in 1923, originally performed surveys for manufacturers of industrial machinery and equipment. But by 1950 the company had expanded into communications and developed the NTI system for network television. By 1954 the company was providing the Nielsen Station Index for local stations.
The base of the Nielsen Television Index network is the Storage Instantaneous Audi meter (SIA). The SIA, which can be placed out of sight in a cabinet or in the basement away from the television set, measures all TV set usage within a household. According to Nielsen, the SIA “stores in its electronic memory exactly when each TV set in the household is turned on, how long it stays on the channel tuned, and all channel switching.” The members of the NTI household are required to do nothing for Nielsen except watch TV. Each SIA unit is connected to a special phone line used only by NTI. At least twice a day, a Nielsen computer “dials” each home unit and retrieves the stored information. These data are then immediately processed in Nielsen’s central TV research computers and, because the phone hookup is foolproof and immediate, ratings for, let’s say, “Dr. Doolittle movie” on ABC channel on Sunday evening are returned to the computer promptly, processed, and printed out. By Tuesday at 11:00 am, the ratings are released to terminal outlets in Nielsen’s clients’ offices and made available to the press. Links of Interest:
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